AVK report predicts modest GRP growth in Europe

The Industrievereinigung Verstärkte Kunststoffe (AVK; Frankfurt, Germany) has published this year’s market report for glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GRP). In the European countries included in the 2017 study, the GRP market is expected to grow by around 2% compared to 2016, with production forecast to total 1.118 million tonnes. AVK says growth has thus stabilized in this largest segment of the fiber-reinforced plastics and composites industry. Germany remains the European country with the largest GRP production in absolute terms, and has the strongest growth.

As in previous years, the “European GRP Market Report 2017” analyzes those European countries for which production figures can be recorded and validated. Turkey is also included but the data are stated separately. The GRP materials considered include all GRP with a thermoset matrix and, in the thermoplastics market, glass mat-reinforced thermoplastics (GMT) and long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFT). Data on European production of short fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are only available as an overall quantity and therefore stated separately.

The trends differ from country to country, as well as in terms of the major manufacturing processes and materials used. xThe largest buyers of GRP components continue to be the transport/mobility and construction sectors. These each consume around one-third of total production and play a major role in national economies. The key role played by these two most important sectors in national economies is one reason why the production of GRP tends to follow the long-term growth trend in GDP. Although there is still excellent potential for new applications, GRP materials are already standard products. The diverse nature of the market means that fluctuations in the individual customer industries are usually “smoothed out” by applications in the others.

GRP production in Europe continues to grow but is expected to lag behind the global trend. Growth in global production volume is greater than 2%. As a result, Europe’s share of global production continues to fall despite the positive trend in absolute terms.

SMC/BMC:

SMC (sheet molding compound) and BMC (bulk molding compound) components account for around one-quarter of total production and are the largest market segment of the GRP industry. Semi-finished products manufactured using pressing (SMC) and injection molding (BMC) processes are turned into components that are used primarily in the electrical/electronic and transport sectors, especially in the automotive industry. This year, the SMC/BMC sector is growing slightly more slowly than last year at a rate of 2.2%. Total production volume this year will be 280,000 tonnes, of which over two-thirds is SMC.

Open Mold/Open Processes:

Open processes like hand lay-up and spray-up continue to be the second largest segment in the European GRP market with total production of 238,000 tonnes. The segment’s trend of comparatively weak growth over recent years continues and is less than 1% in 2017. The larger of the two segments – hand lay-up – is stagnant.

Typical products include housings for wind turbines, swimming pools, boat hulls or attachments, add-on components for special vehicles, prototypes and molds. Parts using these materials are also found in the construction/infrastructure sectors, e.g., in facades.

RTM:

The segment of components manufactured using the RTM (resin transfer molding) process has continued its trend of stronger-than-average growth. Expanding at a rate of 3.5%, it now produces a total of 146,000 tonnes. As in previous years, this category includes all components manufactured using a closed mold. Today, many versions of these production technologies have already reached the market. Applications include vehicle construction, housings for wind turbines, boat and ship building as well as the sport and leisure sector.

Continuous Processing:

The production of GRP components using continuous processing (pultrusion) grew by 5% in 2017 – the strongest growth of any sector. This continues the positive trend of recent years. Total production volume is now in the range of 146,000 tonnes. These products have been used in vehicles for many years, primarily in truck side panels, caravan superstructures or the conversion of commercial vehicles. They are supplemented by applications in the facade sector. The market for GRP pultrusion profiles had the strongest growth rate (6%) in the European GRP industry and now has a production volume of 53,000 tonnes. The largest applications in the segment, each with about a 20% share of the market for pultrusion components, are the consumer/private sector and the construction industry. Typical applications for GRP profiles currently include the production of bridge elements, support or cable duct systems, railings, steps in plant construction and certain areas of the transport industry.

Pipes and Tanks:

After last year’s stagnation in production volume, the GRP market segment of pipes and tanks manufactured using centrifugal casting or filament winding processes is the only area of European GRP to decline this year. The total volume fell by 2% to 145,000 tonnes. GRP pipes and tanks are principally used in plant construction and public/private pipelines as well as by customers in the oil/gas and chemicals industries.

GMT/LFT:

In 2017, the markets for glass mat-reinforced thermoplastics (GMT) and long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) have continued their above-average growth at a rate of 3.6%, although this is slightly slower than last year. The trend of recent years means that the market share of GMT/LFT products in relation to the total GRP market has risen from 5% in 2000 to 13% today. The total production of 145,000 tonnes in the segment is split between LFT and GMT in a ratio of around 2:1, with the proportion of LFT rising. These data also include continuous fiber-reinforced materials such as organosheets and tapes. Typical applications for these products include underbody protection, bumpers, instrument panels or seat structures.

Despite the different trends in the markets for the various manufacturing processes, the proportions of GRP used by the major application industries in Europe remain the same as last year. The transport and construction sectors each consume one third of total production. Other application industries include the electrical/electronics sector and the sport and leisure segment (see Fig. 3).

Growth was recorded in all the European countries/regions included in this report. Growth is relatively similar in most of these countries at approximately 1-3 %. Germany remains the largest GRP and composites market in Europe, producing a total volume of 226,000 tonnes and recording slightly above-average growth of 3%. Market data have been available for Turkey since 2011 and are stated separately. The strong growth reported last year continues. The sector is expected to grow by more than 5% to a total of 280,000 tonnes in 2017, according to the Turkish composites association (TCMA).

Although current media reports and presentations at many conventions and trade fairs may create a different impression, GRP continues to be the largest material group in the composites industry by some distance. Glass fibers are used for reinforcement in more than 95% of the total volume of composites (short and long fibers, rovings, woven fabrics, mat). Of the more than 10 million tonnes of composites manufactured globally in 2016, 2.8 million tonnes were glass fiber-reinforced plastics produced in Europe. Of these, the GRP products studied in detail in this report accounted for 1.096 million tonnes and short fiber-reinforced thermoplastics for 1.36 million tonnes in 2016.

Click here to download “European GRP Market Report 2017.”